HMC or VMC, which is preferred more in terms of CNC machine design?

[Allen Young]

The term CNC stands for computer numerical control. It refers to a machine that is controlled by a computer using numerical control.

Where we needed a part program that included numerical values depending on the geometry of the product, as well as G codes and M codes, we used a small computer incorporated into the CNC machine to design this part program.
VMC is one of the CNC machine types.
In addition, there are two types of CNC machines.
VMC: A vertical machine center (VMC) is a type of CNC machine that is named after the machine center. A CNC machine with a vertical machine center has its cutting axis vertical.
HMC:- based on the machine center, this is a type of CNC machine that has its machine center horizontally. Machine center refers to the cutting axis where the spindle is positioned.

[Mike James]

What Is the Difference Between a CNC VMC and a CNC HMC?
1. Differences in Structure Choosing between VMC and HMC is a difficult task.
The Z-axis structure is the major distinction between the VMC and the HMC. The fundamental difference between both is that the VMC’s Z-axis goes vertically downward to complete the processing, whereas the HMC’s Z-axis moves horizontally downward to complete the processing.

2. Workbench Variation Choosing between HMC and VMC is a difficult task.
The VMC’s worktable is commonly a T-slot worktable with a cross slide arrangement. The vertical movement of each other is controlled by two sets of motion motors. The Y-feeding guide rail covers the X-feeding worktable. The HMC’s worktable can only move in one of two directions: X or Y. The worktable is usually a rotary worktable with a dot matrix screw hole table, and choosing an interchangeable double worktable is quite simple.

3. CNC VMC and HMC Machines Process Various Parts
The vertical machining center can handle disk, sleeve, and plate components. It usually has three linear motion coordinate axes, and to process spiral parts, a rotary table that spins along the horizontal axis can be mounted on the worktable.
The horizontal machining center may process components with more than two sides, as well as parts with holes and surfaces oriented radially around them, such as box and shell parts; if the position accuracy of the processed parts is critical, a high-precision horizontal machining center should be used.

4. VMC and HMC Advantages and Disadvantages

1) HMC – Benefits: When compared to VMC, the HMC is easier to remove chips during workpiece processing, and it is better for processing intricate recesses and the mold cavity. The horizontal machining center (HMC) can process huge workpieces due to its structural advantages. Horizontal machining centers can process workpieces that are difficult or impossible to process on vertical machining centers.
– Disadvantages: the HMC occupies a big space, has a complicated structure, and is more expensive than the VMC. Debugging the horizontal machining center’s program is inconvenient. Observing the tool movement path during processing is not recommended. Loading and unloading the workpiece is inconvenient.

The horizontal machining center is more suitable for processing box-like workpieces and can process the peripheral surface of the box-like workpieces, as can be seen from the advantages of the HMC. However, there are numerous drawbacks in program debugging, tool trajectory observation, workpiece loading and unloading, and workpiece measurement, so we must consider the disadvantages and benefits of the horizontal machining center carefully.

2) VMC – Benefits: It takes up a little amount of space, has a simple structure, and is reasonably priced. It’s easier to set up and configure the program, and it has a larger number of applications.
– Drawbacks: It can’t process pieces with a lot of height. When cutting a hollow or a concave shape, chips are difficult to remove. It may harm the tool, ruin the treated surface, and disrupt the smooth processing in severe circumstances. It is better suited to processing workpieces with tiny dimensions in the height direction.

When deciding between HMC and VMC, examine the processing object, processing technique, processing scope, and equipment cost. The machining center is currently evolving in the compounding direction. Factors like production efficiency, processing technology requirements, and equipment finances must all be addressed before choosing a machining center type, and the rationality of the selection plan must be measured by cost performance and applicability.

[Author]

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