What is functional testing in QA

[LostPrimer]

What is functional testing in QA? What are the types of functional tests?

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If a feature does not work according to the software’s specifications, it’s a function of functional testing to find out. Each function’s output is checked against the corresponding requirement to see if it meets the expectations of the end-user. Qualified assessors use functional testing to find out whether an application meets pre-specified requirements. It makes use of testing methods known as “black boxes,” in which the tester has no idea what’s going on inside the system.

Because functional testing focuses on the application’s specifications rather than the actual code, it is also known as “black-box” testing. Only the program needs to be tested, not the entire system, by the tester.

Types of functional testing
Unit Testing
Smoke Testing
Sanity Testing
Regression Testing
Integration Testing
Beta/Usability Testing

[Thomes JJ]

Functional testing is usually for the normal work of softwares.

Some of the common functional testing types:
Unit testing. The practice of testing individual components within a larger system. You must first ensure that each component of a software program can be tested independently before proceeding to a full system test. Unit testing ensures that the inputs (one to a few) to a unit result in the lone desired output. This form of software testing serves as a building block for more complex, integrated programs. A well-executed unit test can improve the quality of an application’s code and speed up its development. Automated unit tests are frequently used by software developers.

Component testing, also known as module testing, is a form of testing that focuses on a single component of an application. Component testing is similar to unit testing in that it examines a single piece of software. Component testing is done by testers in a black-box format, while unit testing is done by developers in a white-box format to ensure that program modules are working properly. This is the main difference between the two. A stub and driver can be used to simulate interactions between other software components that are dependent on the component being tested.

The sanity testing performed by QA professionals on new versions of stable builds is a type of regression testing that verifies new functionality or bug fixes. However, sanity testing differs from smoke testing in that it is unscripted and only focuses on the area of the code that has undergone a change.

Regression testing is a type of testing. There is no guarantee that a functional test will pass every time. When new code is added or a feature is altered, you run regression tests to ensure that the software still performs as it was designed to. Regression testing ensures that a product’s stability is not jeopardized by changes to it. Automated regression tests are quite common today.

Incorporation tests. In many cases, integration and unit testing are performed at the same time. Integration testing is used by QA professionals to ensure that all of a product’s components work together as a whole. Microservices, self-contained applications designed to perform a single task, are common in many modern applications. The application won’t function properly if these microservices can’t communicate with one another. Integration testing is used to ensure that these components work together and communicate with each other.

API testing. As users expect their apps to work together, the use of application programming interfaces (APIs) is on the rise. Testers verify that API connections and responses, including how they handle data and user permissions, work as intended with API testing.

User interface (UI) testing. An important aspect of software quality assurance is the use of user interface (UI) testing. As part of this, we conduct testing of UI controls like buttons, menus, and text input to ensure that the experience flow and features selected are optimal for the user.

System testing involves QA experts testing the software as a whole, as a finished product. This type of functional testing verifies that the entire software package meets all of the requirements through integration. It is not necessary for testers to know how the app or website was programmed in order to provide feedback on its functionality and performance. This aids in the creation of test cases that can be used in the future. End-to-end testing and system testing are both terms used interchangeably.

White-box testing occurs when the software’s internal infrastructure, code, and design can be viewed by the developer or tester. This approach includes various functional testing types, including unit, integration, and system testing. An approach known as “white-box testing” involves testing the program’s code against a number of different aspects, such as inputs and outputs that have been pre-defined and expected results.

Black-box testing, in contrast to white-box testing, entails testing a system without access to its internal code, paths, or infrastructure. Consequently, testers use this technique to verify the expected outputs against the specific inputs. A “black box” test is one in which a QA expert does not examine the source code before performing the actual testing. The organization can test the software in the same way that a customer would by using black-box testing. Depending on the goal of the test, different types of non-functional and functional testing are included in black-box testing.

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