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ABS filament should be extruded at least at 220 ℃, and then immediately cooled to the ambient temperature. This large temperature change will cause material shrinkage. The result is that the first layer of wire is separated from the platform. The common condition is edge warping, or the model will shrink to form deformation, such as the long edge bending inward.
In order to reduce the warping as much as possible, it is necessary to set a hotbed at a higher temperature and heat it to 110 ° C to improve the edge warping. In addition, the JGCreat software can enable the function of printing the starting layer of temperature, so that the nozzle and the platform have a higher temperature when the starting layer is printed. When printing large parts, in order to reduce shrinkage, the wall thickness and its filling should be reduced within the effective range, that is, the overall amount of 3D model materials should be reduced to reduce the degree of shrinkage deformation. The windproof cover function and local temperature can be taken into account to avoid the rapid cooling of the ambient air flow during the printing process and the sharp temperature change.
Even if the model is successfully printed on the platform, due to the comprehensive stress problem, the model corners are still easy to form warping cleaning, especially for the model with a large bottom. In order to reduce this situation, eaves edges or underlays must be used together to increase the adhesion area to the platform. Of course, we must pay attention to that the underlay will increase a lot of printing time. The printing time can be reduced according to the change in underlay thickness and bottom density. The eaves edge is relatively thin, which may form sharp edges and corners of the model, tear the edge of the eave, and rise. In this case, the edge of the eave must be thickened or a circular flat extension is created for the bottom acute corner in modeling.
1. When you get an order, in addition to concentrating on the design drawings, you also need to have a solid understanding of the background of the business. This is because different industries have distinct sets of requirements. For instance, components for medical and military equipment should normally come with remarkable precision, absolute safety, excellent quality, and tight tolerances. These components may also need to be able to survive extreme environments.
2. After receiving a CAD drawing of the finished product from the customer, engineers and designers should conduct an in-depth and careful analysis of the design. They will then understand the product specifications and requirements of the customer, and they will check each detail before production begins. Machine the part utilizing the strategy that will save you the most money, regulate the factors throughout the CNC machining procedure, and make sure to meet all of the requirements.
3. After the machining process is complete, the final pieces will be worked on by a skilled measuring machine operator at Junying. There is a wide range of technologically advanced measuring equipment available currently that may be utilized for the measurement of a wide variety of inspects, including dimensions, hardness, colors, tolerance, and many more. It is possible for inspectors to do inspections on the part while it is still attached to the machine or after it has been removed from the machine. Standard measuring equipment and tools include the go/no-go gauge, micrometers, coordinate measuring machine (CMM), in-process probing, and air gauge.
4. There are occasions when you need to apply quality inspection while the machined item is running so that you may spot problems early on and fix the part before it is completed. Allowing the tool to machine the workpiece, measuring what the tool has done, and other operations are some of the things that can be done to adjust the machine so that it can hold a tighter tolerance. Other things that can be done include adjusting the tool offsets so that there is a little bit of excess stock. This is an approach that works particularly well for recently created goods.
5. It is important to maintain timely communication with customers, whether you are in the process of making a product or have just forwarded a sample. Buyers and clients will have clear requirements on the product specification and function. When you receive an inquiry from a customer, get in touch with them quickly and give a free quotation as soon as it is possible. If there is something that does not get right, then adjust the solution immediately.
Visual inspection is the method that has been around the longest when it comes to non-destructive testing (NDT), which stands for non-destructive testing. In its most fundamental form, visual inspection consists of viewing the surface of an item in order to check for flaws such as cracks, scratches, misalignments, corrosion, and other sorts of physical flaws.
It is possible for a huge corporation to incur significant financial losses in the event that they sell an entire range of substandard items. This is especially important to keep in mind for businesses that produce expensive commodities. Performing a visual inspection on anything is a good strategy for efficiently removing things from consideration that are blatantly lacking in some way. For instance, automobile manufacturers like Rolls-Royce pay a substantial amount of emphasis on the fit and finish of each and every component that is incorporated into their automobiles. This kind of attention to detail can be seen in a variety of other products as well. According to the conclusions of their own study, over seventy percent of all defective components are rejected as a consequence of differences detected during visual assessment. This statistic comes from the company’s own research.
This is not to imply, however, that the act of visually inspecting products is limited to simply the most expensive luxury goods available. The food and beverage industry is a good counterexample because it demonstrates how things can be done differently. Here, visual inspections are performed to make certain that the product does not include any foreign objects, that the packaging is consistent and that it is securely sealed, and that the products have not been erroneously labeled in any way. The relatively straightforward nature of many of these checks has led to an increase in the number of food businesses that are beginning to implement machine vision systems for quality control.
Visual testing for the purpose of quality control can be carried out in one of three separate ways:
– Products are selected at random, and subsequent quality inspections are carried out on those products. It is useful to be able to inspect products straight at the production line for obvious defects in their appearance in the product. In most cases, more in-depth inspections, such as looking at a product’s inner workings, are carried out in specialized testing rooms. These places are often utilized for this purpose.
– This sampling method involves conducting a comprehensive manual inspection on each and every product. This is a physically demanding work that also involves performing a substantial quantity of tasks in a manner that is repetitive. Organizations should make an effort to provide workers who perform inspections with the proper tools and ergonomic equipment in order to achieve the best potential levels of worker health and productivity. This can be accomplished by giving workers the appropriate tools and equipment.
– Automated visual inspection: This technology uses cameras, a variety of image processing techniques, and machine learning algorithms to do product inspections. There will be additional discussion on this topic at a later point in the article.Based on a properly calibrated CMM machine and the expertise of a seasoned metrologist, it is possible to measure the following types of parts or surfaces using CMMs.
Angles. The same holds true for angles. Measuring plates with a sine bar and gage blocks can be precise if the inspector knows how to use these instruments. A sine plate measurement is time-consuming, and the accuracy and repeatability of an angle measured with an optical comparator are restricted, even with a vernier.Radii and circles. Your CMM is ideally suited for measuring all round features, including holes, slots, cones, radii, spherical radii, roundness, and concentricity. The time savings and increase in precision provided by the CMM will astound you. The same holds true for determining distances between hole centers, especially if they are on different planes or axes. There are some restrictions, but we will discuss them shortly.
Profiles. Checking literally hundreds of points in a few seconds, a scanning CMM makes quick work of measuring profiles, which are almost hard to measure with plate techniques.
In addition, CMMs can collect the following data.
Straightness: the degree to which a 1D attribute resembles a theoretical straight line.
Flatness: the amount of variation along the surface of a 2D plane.
Roundness: the degree to which a 2D property, such as a bore or an extrusion, resembles a circle.
Cylindricity: the degree to which a 3D shape characteristic resembles a cylinder.
Conicity: the degree to which a 3D form feature resembles a cone.
Angularity: the degree to which a given angle matches its desired angle.It is possible to measure every property that occurs in one, two, or three dimensions. Even better, contemporary CMMs permit 3D scans to be imported straight into design software, where any number of measurements may be performed with a few clicks.
CMMs have the capacity to measure complicated items quickly, precisely, and repeatedly. However, they are notorious for being picky and demanding, necessitating the use of specialized air-conditioned chambers as well as highly trained programmers in order to get the desired outcomes.
When used correctly, these adaptable devices may accomplish a tremendous deal. The following are key distinctions between CNC mills and CNC routers:
Materials
The materials that can be utilized with these devices are one of the most noticeable variations between them. Depending on the goal of your project, you may need to investigate its machining procedure. Both can cut soft materials like wood, foam, and plastic, however routers are better at it. A milling machine should be used to cut any hard metal, such as titanium or steel, because it is the only CNC machine capable of doing so.Machining Speed
When making a decision, you must consider machine speed. If you need to make multiple copies of a component, a router will be much faster, allowing you to design them in less time. A CNC mill, on the other hand, will deliver unparalleled precision but will take much longer to cut.Classification of Components
A high-precision machine is required to produce high-quality parts for a large order, such as airplane parts. The precision required for the proper operation of large-scale machinery requires the detail supplied by a CNC mill, particularly one with five or more axes.Accuracy
Precision is essential in the machining of parts. For particularly delicate applications, such as equipment parts, a CNC mill delivers significantly more exact cuts than a CNC router. Part precision is especially important in the military, medical, and aerospace industries. When it comes to human life, nanoscale differences can be critical.Cutting Zone
Because the machines have varying area options, you must decide where to begin your project. A CNC mill can provide a deeper Z-axis for deeper cuts if the work requires great intricacy. If your source material is very huge or wide, such as massive wood blocks or foam planks, a router with a large cutting surface may be required.According to Mitutoyo, the most recent CMM achieves a measuring accuracy of 0.28 micrometers, which is the best in the world.
The answer is not universally definitive for anyone. The usefulness of certification lies in the fact that it proves to either your current employer or a potential employer that you comprehend the body of knowledge component of the subject. This is important if you work in an industry that involves manufacturing and inspection. Associates who have earned these certifications have demonstrated that they have strong thinking and decision-making skills, which are essential in the industry in which they operate. Employers are interested in candidates who hold this certification since it proves that the candidate possesses a certain level of expertise. You will be better off if you have the qualification.
Sampling inspection is a method for determining whether a lot or population should be rejected or accepted based on the number of defective parts found in a sample of the lot. If the number of defective components exceeds a predetermined threshold, the lot is rejected.
Common methods of sampling inspection based on different classifications:
Classification by inspection scheme
– Lot-by-lot sampling inspection: a predetermined number of samples are taken for inspection from a lot of products manufactured with the same materials and machinery. The result of the sample quality inspection determines whether the lot’s quality is acceptable or not. Typically, this type of lot-by-lot inspection is known as sampling inspection. In order to manage the conditions of the manufacturing process, a small number of products from various stages of production are sampled for inspection. This inspection, also known as a process inspection or spot check, examines the conditions of a process. It is conducted for specific management purposes, including the creation of a management diagram for quality control and the collection of data for cycle time analysis. Controlled sampling inspections, as opposed to other sampling inspections, examine machines, systems, operators, and operating procedures. This facilitates the early detection and resolution of any operational, equipment, or system-related issues. As a result, a controlled sampling inspection requires typically fewer samples than other sampling inspections.Classification by acceptance level determination
– Sampling inspection based on operating characteristics: an inspection plan that defines producer protection and buyer guarantees, as well as meets the requirements of both producers and buyers. This sampling scheme safeguards the producer by assigning a small value to the percentage of high-quality lots that are incorrectly rejected (producer’s risk). On the other hand, this sampling scheme protects buyers by establishing a small value for the small percentage of incorrectly accepted poor-quality lots (consumer risk). As seen on an OC curve, the producer’s risk is generally set at 5%, while the consumer’s risk is set at 10%.
– Sampling inspection with adjustment: adjusts the quality guarantee to purchasers by decreasing or increasing the sampling inspection based on historical inspection quality records. The sampling inspection with adjustment can be indexed by AQL or LQ or conducted according to a skip-lot inspection plan. ISO 2859-1, ISO 2859-2, and ISO 2859-3 outline the sampling method for inspection with adjustment.
– Rectifying inspection: a 100 percent inspection is conducted on a lot rejected in a sampling inspection. Therefore, this scheme is inapplicable to products that cannot undergo 100 percent inspections.
– Sampling inspection for continuous production: an inspection scheme that sequentially inspects products that are produced continuously rather than in batches. The plan for sampling inspection may begin with a 100 percent inspection and then switch to sampling inspection after a predetermined number of conforming products. If a defect is found, the mode of inspection reverts to a comprehensive examination.Classification according to sampling technique
– The acceptability of a lot is determined based on the results of a single sampling inspection.
– Double sampling inspection: determines the acceptability of a lot based on the results of a second sampling inspection when it is unclear based on the results of the initial inspection whether the lot is accepted or rejected.
Multiple sampling inspection: uses more samples than double sampling inspection. Each time, the sample size is determined and compared to the specified standard. This mode of inspection determines acceptance or rejection based on the specified inspection count and classifies results as acceptable, unacceptable, or uncertain.
– In multiple sampling inspection schemes, sequential sampling inspection determines acceptability with greater specificity. Individual sequential inspection, where a single item is sampled, and grouped sequential inspection, where a fixed number of items are sampled simultaneously, are the two methods for sequential sampling inspection.G-code has been generated through the use of CAM, which stands for computer-aided manufacturing, ever since computers have shrunk in size, become easier to use, and become more widely available. Your 3D CAD model, tool selections, and possibly other information are all taken into consideration by a CAM program as its inputs. The tool paths are then optimized, and G-code is generated to communicate with the CNC machine and tell it what to do. It is possible to write G-code programs by hand (I did a short one when I was in graduate school!), but for complex machining operations that require tens of thousands of lines of code, you probably don’t want to do that unless you are a perfectionist masochist. Writing G-code programs by hand is possible, but it’s probably not something you want to do.
You can still add comments to the lines of code, which can be helpful in identifying the operation for yourself even if you aren’t manually writing the blocks of code. If you have a lengthy program, this won’t necessarily be practical for you to do, but including this information at the beginning of each program can be a helpful addition for tracking the project or version. Simply use parentheses whenever you want to insert a comment in the middle of a line between two commands.
CNC Machine G-Code List
G00 – Rapid positioningG01 – Linear interpolation
G02 – Circular interpolation clockwise
G03 – Circular interpolation counterclockwise
G04 – Dwell
G05 – High-precision contour control
G06 – Parabolic interpolation
G08 – Feed acceleration
G09 – Feed deceleration
G10 – Programmable data input
G17 – XY plane selection
G18 – ZX plane selection
G19 – YZ plane selection
G20 – Programming in inches
G21 – Programming in millimeters
G22 – Radius dimension programming method
G220 – Use on the system operation interface
G23 – Diameter size programming method
G28 – Return home
G30 – Magnification cancellation
G31- Definition of magnification
G34 – Increased pitch thread cutting
G35 – Reduced pitch thread cutting
G40 – Cutter compensation cancel
G41- Cutter compensation left
G42 – Cutter compensation right
G43 – Tool length compensation + direction
G44 – Tool length compensation – direction
G45 – Axis offset single increase
G46 – Axis offset single decrease
G47 – Axis offset double increase
G54 – Workpiece coordinate system 1 selection
G55 – Workpiece coordinate system 2 selection
G56 – Workpiece coordinate system 3 selection
G57 – Workpiece coordinate system 4 selection
G58 – Workpiece coordinate system 5 selection
G59 – Workpiece coordinate system 6 selection
G74- Back to reference point
G75 – Return to the zero point of programming coordinates
G76 – Threading compound cycle
G80 – Canned cycle cancel
G81- External canned cycle
G331 – Thread canned cycle
G90 – Absolute command
G91 – Absolute command
G96 – Constant line speed control
G97 – Cancel constant line speed control
Tolerance refers to the acceptable range of values for a dimension determined by the designer based on the part’s form, fit, and function.
Tolerances are used to determine how much room for error you have when making a particular piece of equipment. In the manufacturing process, tolerances play a critical role in ensuring the quality of your products and avoiding costly mistakes.
Food safety is protected by global controls and preventative measures. In many cases, the goals of different certification measures are similar: to ensure the highest level of quality and transparency throughout the food supply chain.
ISO 22000 is a globally recognized food safety management standard that applies to all organizations that are involved in the food production and distribution process. Primary producers such as farms and fishing, as well as food processors and manufacturers who package or can food, are all included in the food manufacturing industry. Companies that transport food, provide additives or packaging, or provide other food-related services can benefit from ISO 22000 certification. The ISO 22000 standard is included in the FSSC 22000 system requirements. The new ISO 22000:2018 standard aligns the structure with other international standards, such as the International Organization for Standardization.
The Food Safety System Certification (FSSC) 22000 is an addition to the ISO 22000 food safety certification system. The Global Food Safety Initiative has recognized the FSSC as a globally recognized standard for food safety (GFSI). Among the primary objectives of the standard is to ensure food safety during the primary production of animal products, perishable plant and animal products, food packaging products, and livestock and equine feed and nutrition.
Software for computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is used to transform designs created on a computer into workpieces that can be manufactured on a CNC machine.
Mastercam provides CAD/CAM software solutions for a wide range of CNC programming requirements, ranging from the most basic to the most complicated. A combination of our unique and versatile solutions, as well as our excellent support network, makes our software a comprehensive solution from the beginning of design through to final product manufacture. Mastercam is the software you should use to simplify your production process, from task setup through work completion.
Importing metallic trash and scraps requires the submission of a pre-shipment Inspection Certificate (PSIC) as a mandatory document. There are no radioactive or radiation-explosive materials in the metal scrap that this certificate certifies.
Inspectors and other experts in a variety of fields rely on inspection checklists, which are sometimes known as inspection sheets. Procedure, equipment, and facilities may all be evaluated to see whether or not they adhere to internal and external standards via the use of inspection checklists. It is important to use an inspection checklist to guarantee that an item of inspection is thoroughly evaluated and recorded. Following a checklist’s completion, the item of inspection may be approved for its intended usage. Additionally, inspection checklists are used to ensure the safety, quality, and/or efficiency of corporate processes.
A wide range of materials can be machined on CNC machines, metals such as aluminum, brass, copper, steel, stainless steel, magnesium, titanium; plastics such as PC, PE, PS, PEEK, POM, PTFE, PA, as well as wood, foam, and fiberglass, are often used.